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Numerous other Scientologist-run services and companies belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses using Hubbard's management teachings, and circulates directory sites of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who wish to end up being Hubbard management speaks with to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


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Another widely known WISE-affiliated company is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Government Technology and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


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This area requires growth. You can help by contributing to it. In order to help with the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of powerful or highly regarded individuals. Perth Scientology. Though it has obtained some credibility as a religion in numerous countries, Scientology has actually also been explained as both a cult and a company.


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For example, it has actually been noted to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, malicious libel against attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of visibility" may be viewed as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were business and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 countries by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost consistently for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had initially demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in a blog here web survey run by the governmental transition group getting public input for the inbound administration.


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State Department has criticized Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Flexibility report, based upon the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated lawfully as a company, and not as a faith or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and numerous related terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on people and groups who attempt to use it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was produced with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office (later on relabelled the Workplace of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and dedicated among the biggest penetration of United States federal firms ever perpetrated by an organization not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The crime committed by these offenders is of a breadth and scope formerly unheard of. No structure, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No individual or company was complimentary from their despicable Visit This Link conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has likewise in the past used aggressive techniques in resolving those it views as attempting to reduce them, called Suppressive Persons (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part official statement of a policy called reasonable game. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper understood to have been managed by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb hazards in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could have sent Cooper to prison for a prolonged term. The Church's plan was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.

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